時間:2021年05月22日 分類:教育論文 次數:
摘要:定語從句是高中語法的重要組成部分,也是歷年高考考查的重點。雖然學生在初中就已經初步接觸了解定語從句,但是由于定語從句的關系詞的多樣性,先行詞比較復雜,并且從句本身的位置非常靈活的特點,所以學生有時也會感到束手無策。根據筆者的教學實踐,可以從定語從句的釋義、解題步驟、關系詞、固定搭配等方面去解題。
關鍵詞:定語從句;先行詞;關系詞
一.定語從句釋義。
定語從句,簡潔地說,就是像形容詞那樣充當定語的從句。例如,He is an actor who has been awarded many prizes. 這里定語從句就是who has been awarded many prizes, 修飾前面的actor。提到定語從句,不得不講到先行詞和關系詞。先行詞,被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞,必須在定語從句之前。an actor就是先行詞。關系詞有who,where,that,why,which,as,whom,when,whose。其中關系詞又分為關系代詞和關系副詞。切記that和why不能用逗號隔開。
英語教學論文范例:“三教”改革背景下高職院校基礎英語金課建設路徑探究
二.定語從句解題3步走
1找出先行詞。先行詞為人用who或者that。先行詞為物用that或which。先行詞為整句話用which或as。
2.看從句缺什么成分。一般來說從句主要缺主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語。關系詞中,做主語的有who,that,which;賓語的有who ,that ,which,whom;定語的有whose;表語的有that,which, as;狀語的有where,when,why。
3.選擇關系詞。找到先行詞,了解缺什么成分,就直接找對應的關系詞了。
三.關系詞比較
1. 充當主語——who,that,which。
先行詞為人:who,that 先行詞為物:which,that
例如:The person who/that is playing the piano is my music teacher.正在彈鋼琴的那個人是我的音樂老師。
The bookshelf that/which stood in the corner has just been taken away.昨天在角落的那個書架剛被人搬走
1.1. who Pk that,以下情況用who,其余用that。
1.1.1如果先行詞為人,從句用逗號隔開,只能用who。
例如:Some people say that oldest children, ____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed.
1.1.2 當先行詞為that,those指人時,后面只用who。
例如:The world is a book,and those who don't travel read only one page.
1.2 that Pk which,以下情況用which, 其余用that。
1.1.1 如果先行詞為物,從句用逗號隔開,只能用which。
例如:The school, ______ is in Paris, accepts only 80 students every year.
1.1.2 當先行詞為that,those指物時,后面只用which。
例如:What’s that _____ was put in the car?
1.1.3 關系代詞前有介詞時,只用which。
例如:Children often form bad habits, some of ______ remain with them as long as they live.
2.充當賓語——which,that,who,whom
先行詞為人:who,that,whom;先行詞為物:which,that。
例如:This is the picture that/which I told you about.這就是我跟你說的那副畫。
I made friends with the students whom/who/that I met in the English Corner.我和去年在英語角遇見的學生成了好朋友。
關于who,that,which作賓語的區別同它們作主語一樣,就不在復述。這里要提到的兩點就是:1.當先行詞作賓語指人,且后面跟介詞時,只用whom。例如:Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk.which也是同理。2. 限定性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞可省。
3.充當定語——whose
Whose表示什么的,后面緊跟名詞。例如:I would thank those people whose smile just melted me.我要感謝那些用微笑融化了我的人。
3.1當whose代表人的什么,whose+n=the + n +of + whom. 例如:I would thank those people the smile of whom just melted me.
3.2 當whose代表物的什么,whose+n=the + n +of + which=of which +the +n.
例如: Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.=Nobody wants the house the roof of which has fallen in.=Nobody wants the house of which the roof has fallen in.
4.充當狀語——when,where,why
根據意思可以,when充當時間狀語,where充當地點狀語,why充當原因狀語。
例如:I still remember the day when I first met my English teacher.我仍然記得第一次見到英語老師的那一天。
I still remember the place where I met my English teacher.我仍然記得第一次見到英語老師的地方。
I still remember the reason why I like English. 我仍然記得喜歡英語的原因。
5.充當表語——that ,which,as
例如: Our village isn't the small quite place that it used to be.
His sister has become a lawyer,which she wanted to be.
He is not the same man as he used to be.
從例句中發現that用類比,可省;which用于非限定從句;as主考搭配。
固定搭配
1.way作成分用that或which;作狀語用that/in which/省略關系詞。
例如:I think the way(that/which) he told me is the best.我認為他告訴我的方法是最好的。
Please tell me the way that/in which/ you did the job.請告訴我你做事的方式。
2. during+ which+time
3.as 搭配:the same...as,as we expect,as has been said before
總結
關于高中定語從句的解題技巧,這里只是筆者的一些個人看法。定語從句還有許多特別之處。總之,在教學定語從句的用法時,要抓住定語從句在句子中的功能和關系詞的用法,不斷積累、總結,以便學生能在英語語言的運用上更加自如。
作者:趙夢嬌